@article{ISI:000452045600001, abstract = {We present in detail a Langevin formalism for constructing stochastic dynamical equations for active-matter systems coupled to a thermal bath. We apply the formalism to clarify issues of principle regarding the sources and signatures of nonequilibrium behaviour in a variety of polar and apolar single-particle systems and polar flocks. We show that distance from thermal equilibrium depends on how time-reversal is implemented and hence on the reference equilibrium state. We predict characteristic forms for the frequency-resolved entropy production for an active polar particle in a harmonic potential, which should be testable in experiments.}, article-number = {123201}, author = {Dadhichi, Lokrshi Prawar and Maitra, Ananyo and Ramaswamy, Sriram}, doi = {10.1088/1742-5468/aae852}, issn = {1742-5468}, journal = {JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT}, month = {DEC}, orcid-numbers = {Dadhichi, Lokrshi Prawar/0000-0002-7883-131X Maitra, Ananyo/0000-0003-3701-6981}, times-cited = {9}, title = {Origins and diagnostics of the nonequilibrium character of active systems}, unique-id = {ISI:000452045600001}, year = {2018} }