@article{ISI:000170473000002,
 abstract = {We review recent work on the physical properties of model fluid
membranes in nonequilibrium situations resembling those encountered in
the living cell and contrast their properties with those of the more
familiar membranes at thermal equilibrium. We survey models for the
effect of (i) active pumps and (ii) active fission-fusion processes
encountered in intracellular trafficking on the stability and
fluctuations of fluid membranes. Our purpose is twofold: to highlight
the exciting nonequilibrium phenomena that arise in biological systems,
and to show how some crucial features of living systems, namely
dissipative energy uptake and directed motion, can fruitfully be
incorporated into physical models of biological interest. (C) 2001
Academie des sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.},
 author = {Ramaswamy, S and Rao, M},
 doi = {10.1016/S1296-2147(01)01226-4},
 issn = {1296-2147},
 journal = {COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE IV PHYSIQUE
ASTROPHYSIQUE},
 month = {AUG},
 number = {6},
 pages = {817-839},
 researcherid-numbers = {Rao, Madan/E-2927-2012},
 times-cited = {30},
 title = {The physics of active membranes},
 unique-id = {ISI:000170473000002},
 volume = {2},
 year = {2001}
}